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« March 2007 | Main | May 2007 »

C-R-Newsletter #52

The latest edition of the C-R-Newsletter has been posted on our main website.

CONTENTS OF THIS ISSUE:

CRN Scenario Project Update
Context, Access, and Choices
Hyping Nanotech's Value
Terminology and Priorities
Nanofactories by 2010?
Climate Change and Nanotechnology
CRN Goes to Canada
Talking Nano at WorldFuture 2007
Feature Essay: Nanomachines and Nanorobots

Read the whole newsletter here — and sign up for a free subscription here.

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The Affairs of the State

Not Necessarily Relevant Quote of the Week:

Here in Athens, each individual is interested in not only his own affairs, but in the affairs of the state, as well. Even those who are most occupied with their own businesses are extremely well informed on general policies. We do not say that a man who has no interests in politics is a man who minds his own business; we say he has no business here at all.
— Pericles

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Another Singularity Summit

Last year, CRN attended the first Singularity Summit and "live-blogged" the event. Plans for Singularity Summit II, to be held September 8-9 in San Francisco, have just been announced:

In recent years, several scientists and authors have argued that there is a significant chance that advanced artificial intelligence will be developed within a few decades. Similar claims, however, have been made over the past 50 years. What is different now? The Singularity Summit II will bring together over 20 premier thinkers from relevant disciplines to examine whether we are really nearing a turning point toward powerful intelligence.

Last year, the Singularity Summit at Stanford, the first academic symposium focused on the singularity scenario, brought together 1300 people and 10 speakers to explore the future of human and machine cognition, including Ray Kurzweil, Douglas R. Hofstadter, and Sebastian Thrun.

The Singularity Summit II at the Palace of Fine Arts Theatre will be an important exploration of what may be a historical moment in time -- a window of opportunity to affect how the world moves forward with a powerful new technology. You will have the chance to meet and interact with some of the most extraordinary, forward-looking people. We hope you will join us for this vital exploration of the forces shaping the future of our world.

You can get a look at their speaker lineup here, and register here. We're not sure yet if we will be live-blogging from the event again, but if we decide we are, you'll be the first to know!

Mike Treder

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Greenland Melts Away

Bad news:

The map of Greenland will have to be redrawn. A new island has appeared off its coast, suddenly separated from the mainland by the melting of Greenland's enormous ice sheet, a development that is being seen as the most alarming sign of global warming.

Several miles long, the island was once thought to be the tip of a peninsula halfway up Greenland's remote east coast but a glacier joining it to the mainland has melted away completely, leaving it surrounded by sea.

Shaped like a three-fingered hand some 400 miles north of the Arctic Circle, it has been discovered by a veteran American explorer and Greenland expert, Dennis Schmitt, who has named it Warming Island (Or Uunartoq Qeqertoq in Inuit, the Eskimo language, that he speaks fluently).

The US Geological Survey has confirmed its existence with satellite photos, that show it as an integral part of the Greenland coast in 1985, but linked by only a small ice bridge in 2002, and completely separate by the summer of 2005. It is now a striking island of high peaks and rugged rocky slopes plunging steeply to a sea dotted with icebergs...

[This is] one more example of the disintegration of the Greenland Ice Sheet, that scientists have begun to realise, only very recently, is proceeding far more rapidly than anyone thought.

The second-largest ice sheet in the world (after Antarctica), if its entire 2.5 million cubic kilometres of ice were to melt, it would lead to a global sea level rise of 7.2 metres, or more than 23 feet.

That would inundate most of the world's coastal cities, including London, swamp vast areas of heavily-populated low-lying land in countries such as Bangladesh, and remove several island countries such as the Maldives from the face of the Earth. However, even a rise one tenth as great would have devastating consequences.

Arguments about causation aside, it's abundantly clear that global warming is well underway. Its real-world effects are becoming more apparent all the time, and even seem to be accelerating. The more that scientists learn and observe about global warming, the more they realize that impacts are occurring faster than previously expected.

If we want to avert the potentially devastating economic, ecological, and human costs of uncontrolled rapid climate change, our best hope -- perhaps our only hope -- appears to be the development of molecular manufacturing.

UPDATE: Arctic Sea Ice Retreating Faster Than Computer Models Project

Mike Treder

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Artists in the Nanoworld

NanoArt is a new art discipline related to micro/nanosculptures created by artists/scientists through chemical/physical processes and/or natural micro/nanostructures that are visualized with powerful research tools like Scanning Electron Microscope and Atomic Force Microscope. Here are some examples:

Nanooctopus
"Black Eye NanoOctopus"

Leopard
"Leopard in Motion"

Stretching
"Stretching the Limits 1"

The creator of all three artworks above is Cris Orfescu. He says:

NanoArt could be for the 21st Century what Photography was for the 20th Century. We live in a technological society, in a new Renaissance period, and there is no reason for Arts to stay away from Technology. NanoArt is the expression of the New Technological Revolution and reflects the transition from Science to Art using Technology. Scientists are exploring the nanoworld hoping to find a better future. Nanotechnology might be the answer although it might have positive or negative effects on the environment and society. Artists should familiarize the general public with the nanouniverse, so people will focus on the positive effects and redirect the negative ones to benefit from them.

You can see more in his online gallery, and read his blog here.

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Nanofactories by 2010?

Desktop_nanofactory

How soon is it reasonable to expect that desktop nanofactories will become a reality? Based on our research, CRN projects that this almost certainly will occur no later than 2020. We think it's most likely to take place in the period from 2015 to 2020.

But what is the earliest plausible date that molecular manufacturing (MM) could be developed? Since July 2004, the "Timeline" page on our main website has stated that MM "might become a reality by 2010." We still think that's the case, and recently we added a parenthetical note clarifying that this assumption depends on "the possibility, which we can't rule out, that a large, well-funded, secret development program has been in operation somewhere for several years."

CRN has seen no evidence for the existence of such a program. But because of the arguably strong commercial, military, and political incentives for being the first to achieve molecular manufacturing capability, we don't think it's safe to assume that no one is currently working on it.

Of course, even if one or more "black" programs are underway somewhere, that does not mean they will succeed any time soon. Depending on their level of funding, scientific expertise, managerial competence, and internal priorities, it's certainly possible that they would not be able to produce a nanofactory until at least 2015. But it still seems conceivable to us that if they had started early enough, and if they threw enough money and enough brainpower at the problem, a long-existing program could succeed as early as 2010.

Mike Treder

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On the Road in Ontario

Today I'm traveling to Port Elgin, Ontario, to be the keynote speaker at the Canadian Auto Workers New Technology Conference. My talk is titled "Disruptive Abundance: The Future of Nanotechnology." Here is the abstract:

Predictions for the future of nanotechnology range from the mundane, to the revolutionary, to the catastrophic. In reality, you should expect mostly the first over the next few years, a lot of the second in the next decade or two, and hopefully none of the last — although we must take that possibility seriously.

For people in skilled trades, especially manufacturing, most of the news may not be good. In early years, fast-moving developments in techniques for exponential manufacturing — machines that can automatically produce copies of their components or even themselves — will result in an accelerating shift toward automation of manufacturing processes. A good example of this is printable electronics, which will be discussed.

But over the longer term, the next 10 to 15 years, a real revolution in manufacturing is quite likely. In fact, our research suggests that trends in automation and robotics will continue to the point where new cars could just rise out of the floor — and in the showroom, not the factory.

Impacts of this manufacturing revolution will not be limited to workers and their families. Nanotechnology is sometimes called “the next Industrial Revolution,” and with good reason. Fourth generation nanotechnology — molecular manufacturing — will radically transform the world, and the people, of the 21st century. Whether that transformation will be peaceful and beneficial or horrendously destructive is unknown. The task now, for all of us, is to explore and understand the environmental, humanitarian, economic, military, political, social, medical, and ethical implications of molecular manufacturing, and to prepare wise, comprehensive, and balanced plans for responsible use of this transformative technology. Although nanotechnology carries tremendous promise, unwise or malicious use could seriously threaten the survival of the human race.

Great abundance is just around the corner. And so are great risks. Imagine all the changes of the last 200 years — from steam engines to steel mills, from railroads to interstate highways (and the cars you produce that drive on them), and from plastics to personal computers to the World Wide Web, one technology revolution after another has utterly transformed Western living. Now imagine that same amount of change compressed into the span of only a few years. That is a recipe for disruption, and possibly for disaster.

Consider the economic and social consequences of replacing whole industries; the military and geopolitical consequences of inexpensive, rapid development of powerful new weapons systems; the environmental consequences of a technology that will allow, for the first time, planet-scale engineering; and the medical and ethical consequences of extremely extended human healthspans and radically expanded human capacities.

An ironic curse/blessing says, May you live in interesting times. We do, and the times are about to get even more interesting. This talk will describe that future and its effects on all of us: from the mundane, to the revolutionary, and, possibly, the catastrophic.

A reminder here that I also will be speaking in late July at WorldFuture 2007, the annual conference of the World Future Society, being held this year in Minneapolis, Minnesota. The event is July 29-31, and my talk is on Monday, July 30, from 11:00 am to 12:00 noon.

Finally, watch this space for an exciting announcement coming soon about a nanotech conference this September in Arizona. It should be big news!

Mike Treder

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Fixing Public Misunderstanding

Nanotechnology has become a highly popular buzzword. Unfortunately, the term is not well-defined, and to make matters worse, there is a low level of recognition about the various perceptions of what nanotechnology is supposed to mean. This raises a number of problems, especially when the subject is risk.

We often talk about the different gradations in nanotechnology risk assessment. It's good to find others contributing sensible views that illuminate the troubling confusion.

Michael Berger, our colleague at Nanowerk, writes about this problem in an article on Nanotechnology Risks - the Real Issues:

Nano-this and nano-that. These days it seems you need the prefix “nano” for products or applications if you want to be either very trendy or incredibly scary. This “nanotrend” has assumed “mega” proportions: Patent offices around the world are swamped with nanotechnology-related applications; investment advisors compile nanotechnology stock indices and predict a coming boom in nanotechnology stocks with misleading estimates floating around of a trillion-dollar industry within 10 years; pundits promise a new world with radically different medical procedures, manufacturing technologies and solutions to environmental problems; nano conferences and trade shows are thriving all over the world; scientific journals are awash in articles dealing with nanoscience discoveries and nano technologies breakthroughs.

Nanotechnology has been plagued by a lot of hype, but cynicism and criticism have not been far behind...

A particular problem with nanotechnology lies in the huge gap between the public perception of what the hype promises and the scientific and commercial reality of what the technology actually delivers today and in the near future.

Who is to blame for this "huge gap" between public expectations and scientific and commercial reality? We think it's mainly the fault of groups like the US National Nanotechnology Initiative who persist in hyping the near-miraculous benefits of the technology while at the same time downplaying any significant risks. They play on public misunderstanding by exploiting dreams of curing disease and wiping out poverty, but then turn around and pretend that such a powerful technology could not also be used for destructive purposes. Meanwhile, they cajole the US Congress into funding more than a billion dollars a year in research by implying that the money will be spent on achieving grand visions -- but in reality almost all of those dollars are used to support traditional research in chemistry and materials science.

We hasten to point out that there is nothing at all wrong in government-sponsored research of chemistry and materials science. But the problem comes when the taxpayers -- who after all are footing the bill -- believe that they are paying for one thing when in fact they are getting another. What the public thinks of as nanotechnology is, in fact, still years away, and not yet even being specifically funded by the NNI!

Perhaps that glaring omission will be corrected in response to the recent call from the National Materials Advisory Board for funding of studies aimed at producing "more complex materials, devices, and, perhaps even entire complex systems from molecular components in a bottom-up fashion." That would be a step in the right direction; it would help to align actual government-supported research more closely with public expectations. But it's unlikely to happen without increased media and public understanding of the "huge gap" that Michael Berger describes, and without significant public pressure for the NNI to change course.

Mike Treder

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Latest Scenario Workshop

On Saturday and Sunday, April 21-22, CRN convened another in our series of "virtual workshops" to develop professional-quality models of a world in which molecular manufacturing becomes a reality. About 15 people from four continents, with a range of backgrounds and points of view, came together for a unique online and teleconferencing event.

We developed two new story outlines this weekend, bringing the total to five so far. We're still not ready to publish any of the scenarios, but we are getting closer. The process that began in January 2007 will be repeated at least one more time, and then we will prepare to share them with the public.

Mike Treder

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Man's Control Over Nature

Not Necessarily Relevant Quote of the Week:

Science has increased man's control over nature, and might therefore be supposed likely to increase his happiness and well being. This would be the case if most men were rational, but in fact they are bundles of passions and instincts.
— Bertrand Russell

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